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in reply to Bastian Blank

Partitionen:

root@gate:~# parted /dev/sda p
Model: ATA WDC WD20EFRX-68A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  1000kB  983kB                      bios_grub
 2      1049kB  302MB   301MB                      raid
 3      302MB   30.3GB  30.0GB                     raid
 4      30.3GB  30.8GB  513MB                      raid
 5      30.8GB  2000GB  1970GB                     raid

root@gate:~# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: ATA WDC WD20EFRX-68A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  1000kB  983kB                      bios_grub
 2      1049kB  302MB   301MB                      raid
 3      302MB   30.3GB  30.0GB                     raid
 4      30.3GB  30.8GB  513MB                      raid
 5      30.8GB  2000GB  1970GB                     raid

root@gate:~# parted /dev/sdc p
Model: ATA WDC WD20EFRX-68A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  1000kB  983kB                      bios_grub
 2      1049kB  302MB   301MB                      raid
 3      302MB   30.3GB  30.0GB                     raid
 4      30.3GB  30.8GB  513MB                      raid
 5      30.8GB  2000GB  1970GB                     raid

root@gate:~# parted /dev/sdd p
Model: ATA WDC WD20EFRX-68A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  1000kB  983kB                      bios_grub
 2      1049kB  302MB   301MB                      raid
 3      302MB   30.3GB  30.0GB                     raid
 4      30.3GB  30.8GB  513MB                      raid
 5      30.8GB  2000GB  1970GB                     raid


Superblock from RAID (only sda & sdb for shortness):
root@gate:~# mdadm -E /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x1
     Array UUID : 45041eec:d4d62752:20876935:4f6af706
           Name : gate:3  (local to host gate)
  Creation Time : Wed Apr 17 23:40:21 2013
     Raid Level : raid10
   Raid Devices : 4

 Avail Dev Size : 3846582272 (1834.19 GiB 1969.45 GB)
     Array Size : 3846581248 (3668.39 GiB 3938.90 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3846581248 (1834.19 GiB 1969.45 GB)
    Data Offset : 262144 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
   Unused Space : before=262064 sectors, after=1024 sectors
          State : active
    Device UUID : 70e20a4f:f35ffa4a:eb26ed63:c1e18bb3

Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
    Update Time : Sat Jan  5 21:50:35 2019
       Checksum : b2c6011f - correct
         Events : 683027

         Layout : near=2
     Chunk Size : 512K

   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
root@gate:~# mdadm -E /dev/sdb5
/dev/sdb5:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x1
     Array UUID : 45041eec:d4d62752:20876935:4f6af706
           Name : gate:3  (local to host gate)
  Creation Time : Wed Apr 17 23:40:21 2013
     Raid Level : raid10
   Raid Devices : 4

 Avail Dev Size : 3846582272 (1834.19 GiB 1969.45 GB)
     Array Size : 3846581248 (3668.39 GiB 3938.90 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3846581248 (1834.19 GiB 1969.45 GB)
    Data Offset : 262144 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
   Unused Space : before=262064 sectors, after=1024 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : ef2f8d99:b56938b6:17b5c65a:109e64dd

Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
    Update Time : Sat Jan  5 21:52:41 2019
       Checksum : 89389a4e - correct
         Events : 683026

         Layout : near=2
     Chunk Size : 512K

   Device Role : Active device 1
   Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
in reply to Ingo Jürgensmann

Output from sfdisk:
Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 83B2E217-34D8-497D-92D7-9D4F2E58F121

Old situation:

Device        Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1        34       1953       1920  960K BIOS boot
/dev/sda2      2048     589823     587776  287M Linux RAID
/dev/sda3    589824   59183103   58593280   28G Linux RAID
/dev/sda4  59183104   60184575    1001472  489M Linux RAID
/dev/sda5  60184576 3907028991 3846844416  1.8T Linux RAID

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: CD154A5C-3000-4E11-9B39-B4B4BAE9ACEE

Old situation:

Device        Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1        34       1953       1920  960K BIOS boot
/dev/sdb2      2048     589823     587776  287M Linux RAID
/dev/sdb3    589824   59183103   58593280   28G Linux RAID
/dev/sdb4  59183104   60184575    1001472  489M Linux RAID
/dev/sdb5  60184576 3907028991 3846844416  1.8T Linux RAID

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
in reply to Ingo Jürgensmann

Seems as if the disk needs to be exchanged:

Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%     50113         60067424